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view listWestern Cemetery: G 2197
Stone-built mastaba
PorterMoss Date: End of Dynasty 5
Grdseloff Date: End of the reign of Djedkare
Harpur Date: Unis
Reisner Date: Latter part of Dynasty 5
Baer Date: End of Dynasty 5
Grdseloff Date: End of the reign of Djedkare
Harpur Date: Unis
Reisner Date: Latter part of Dynasty 5
Baer Date: End of Dynasty 5
Tomb Owner: Penmeru (G 2197)
Attested: Demedj (in G 2197)
Attested: Neferhetep (in G 2197)
Attested: Seshemnefer (in G 2197)
Excavator: George Andrew Reisner
American, 1867–1942
Attested: Neferseshemes (in G 2197)
Attested: Meretites (in G 2197)
Attested: Seshemnefer (in G 2197)
Attested: Demedj (in G 2197)
Attested: Neferhetep (in G 2197)
Attested: Seshemnefer (in G 2197)
Excavator: George Andrew Reisner
American, 1867–1942
Attested: Neferseshemes (in G 2197)
Attested: Meretites (in G 2197)
Attested: Seshemnefer (in G 2197)
Shafts: G 2197 Serdab; G 2197 A; G 2197 B; G 2197 C; G 2197 D; G 2197 U; G 2197 W; G 2197 X; G 2197 Y; G 2197 Z
Selected bibliographical references:
Dunham, Dows. The Egyptian Department and its Excavations. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1958, p. 45.
Eaton-Krauss, Marianne. "The Striding Statue of Pehenptah (JE 44609)." In Mamdouh Eldmaty and Mai Trad, eds. Egyptian Museum Collections Around the World: Studies for the Centennial of the Egyptian Museum, Cairo. Cairo: Supreme Council of Antiquities, 2002, p. 311.
Eaton-Krauss, Marianne. "Pseudo-Groups." In Rainer Stadelmann and Hourig Sourouzian, eds. Kunst des Alten Reiches: Symposium im Deutschen Archäologischen Institut Kairo am 29. und 30. Oktober 1991. Sonderschrift des Deutschen Archäologischen Institut Abteilung Kairo 28, Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 1995, pp. 66, 68, 73.
Fisher, Clarence S. "The Harvard University -- Museum of Fine Arts Egyptian Expedition." Bulletin of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 11, No. 62 (April 1913), pp. 19-21, unnumbered figs.
Gamer-Wallert, Ingrid."Die bewegte Geschichte der Mastaba Seschemnofers III. (G 5170)." Sokar 9 (2. Halbjahr, 2004), p. 32.
García, Juan Carlos Moreno. "A New Old Kingdom Inscription from Giza (CGC 57163), and the Problem of sn-Dt in Pharaonic Third Millennium Society." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 93 (2007), p. 126.
Goedicke, Die privaten Rechtsinchriften aus dem Alten Reich, 68-74, pl. 6
Grdseloff, ASAE 42 (1943), 39-43, fig. 3.
Lehmann, Katja. Der Serdab in den Privatgräbern des Alten Reiches 1-3. Ph.D. Dissertation, Universität Heidelberg, 2000, Kat. G121.
Manuelian, Peter Der. "Penmeru Revisited–Giza Mastaba G 2197 (Giza Archives Gleanings V)." Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 45 (2009), pp. 3-48, figs. 1-54.
Manuelian, Peter Der. "Eight Years at the Giza Archives Project: Past Experiences and Future Plans for the Giza Digital Archive." Egyptian and Egyptological Documents, Archives, and Libraries, An Annual 1 (Milan, 2009), p. 151, note 8.
Manuelian, Peter Der. "Excavating the Old Kingdom. The Giza Necropolis and Other Mastaba Fields." In Egyptian Art in the Age of the Pyramids. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1999, p. 149.
Porter, Bertha, and Rosalind L.B. Moss. Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings 3: Memphis (Abû Rawâsh to Dahshûr). Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1931. 2nd edition. 3: Memphis, Part 1 (Abû Rawâsh to Abûsîr), revised and augmented by Jaromír Málek. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1974, pp. 82-3.
Reisner, George A. A History of the Giza Necropolis 1. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1942, p. 292 [2].
Reisner, George A., and Clarence S. Fisher. "Preliminary Report on the Work of the Harvard-Boston Expedition in 1911-13." Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Egypte 13 (1914), p. 247, pl. 11 [a].
Simpson, William Kelly. Mastabas of the Western Cemetery, Part 1: Sekhemka (G 1029); Tjetu I (G 2001); Iasen (G 2196); Penmeru (G 2197); Hagy, Nefertjentet, and Herunefer (G 2352/53); Djaty, Tjetu II, and Nimesti (G 2337X, 2343, 2366). Giza Mastabas 4. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1980, pp. vii, 16, 24-27, pls. XLVI-LII, figs. 27, 39.
Smith, William Stevenson. Ancient Egypt as Represented in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1960 (6th ed.), p. 53.
Dunham, Dows. The Egyptian Department and its Excavations. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1958, p. 45.
Eaton-Krauss, Marianne. "The Striding Statue of Pehenptah (JE 44609)." In Mamdouh Eldmaty and Mai Trad, eds. Egyptian Museum Collections Around the World: Studies for the Centennial of the Egyptian Museum, Cairo. Cairo: Supreme Council of Antiquities, 2002, p. 311.
Eaton-Krauss, Marianne. "Pseudo-Groups." In Rainer Stadelmann and Hourig Sourouzian, eds. Kunst des Alten Reiches: Symposium im Deutschen Archäologischen Institut Kairo am 29. und 30. Oktober 1991. Sonderschrift des Deutschen Archäologischen Institut Abteilung Kairo 28, Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 1995, pp. 66, 68, 73.
Fisher, Clarence S. "The Harvard University -- Museum of Fine Arts Egyptian Expedition." Bulletin of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 11, No. 62 (April 1913), pp. 19-21, unnumbered figs.
Gamer-Wallert, Ingrid."Die bewegte Geschichte der Mastaba Seschemnofers III. (G 5170)." Sokar 9 (2. Halbjahr, 2004), p. 32.
García, Juan Carlos Moreno. "A New Old Kingdom Inscription from Giza (CGC 57163), and the Problem of sn-Dt in Pharaonic Third Millennium Society." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 93 (2007), p. 126.
Goedicke, Die privaten Rechtsinchriften aus dem Alten Reich, 68-74, pl. 6
Grdseloff, ASAE 42 (1943), 39-43, fig. 3.
Lehmann, Katja. Der Serdab in den Privatgräbern des Alten Reiches 1-3. Ph.D. Dissertation, Universität Heidelberg, 2000, Kat. G121.
Manuelian, Peter Der. "Penmeru Revisited–Giza Mastaba G 2197 (Giza Archives Gleanings V)." Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 45 (2009), pp. 3-48, figs. 1-54.
Manuelian, Peter Der. "Eight Years at the Giza Archives Project: Past Experiences and Future Plans for the Giza Digital Archive." Egyptian and Egyptological Documents, Archives, and Libraries, An Annual 1 (Milan, 2009), p. 151, note 8.
Manuelian, Peter Der. "Excavating the Old Kingdom. The Giza Necropolis and Other Mastaba Fields." In Egyptian Art in the Age of the Pyramids. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1999, p. 149.
Porter, Bertha, and Rosalind L.B. Moss. Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings 3: Memphis (Abû Rawâsh to Dahshûr). Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1931. 2nd edition. 3: Memphis, Part 1 (Abû Rawâsh to Abûsîr), revised and augmented by Jaromír Málek. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1974, pp. 82-3.
Reisner, George A. A History of the Giza Necropolis 1. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1942, p. 292 [2].
Reisner, George A., and Clarence S. Fisher. "Preliminary Report on the Work of the Harvard-Boston Expedition in 1911-13." Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Egypte 13 (1914), p. 247, pl. 11 [a].
Simpson, William Kelly. Mastabas of the Western Cemetery, Part 1: Sekhemka (G 1029); Tjetu I (G 2001); Iasen (G 2196); Penmeru (G 2197); Hagy, Nefertjentet, and Herunefer (G 2352/53); Djaty, Tjetu II, and Nimesti (G 2337X, 2343, 2366). Giza Mastabas 4. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1980, pp. vii, 16, 24-27, pls. XLVI-LII, figs. 27, 39.
Smith, William Stevenson. Ancient Egypt as Represented in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1960 (6th ed.), p. 53.
Publications (PDFs) in Giza Archives Library:
Dunham, Dows. The Egyptian Department and its Excavations. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1958. Fisher, Clarence S. "The Harvard University -- Museum of Fine Arts Egyptian Expedition: Work of 1912 at Gizeh and Mesheikh." Bulletin of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 11, No. 62 (April 1913), pp. 19-22. Harpur, Yvonne. "Two Old Kingdom Tombs at Giza." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 67 (1981), pp. 24-35. Lehmann, Katja. Der Serdab in den Privatgräbern des Alten Reiches 1. Text. Ph.D. Dissertation, Universität Heidelberg, 2000. Lehmann, Katja. Der Serdab in den Privatgräbern des Alten Reiches 2. Abbildungen. Ph.D. Dissertation, Universität Heidelberg, 2000. Lehmann, Katja. Der Serdab in den Privatgräbern des Alten Reiches 3. Katalog. Ph.D. Dissertation, Universität Heidelberg, 2000. Manuelian, Peter Der. "A Race against Time in the Shadow of the Pyramids. The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston and the Giza Necropolis, 1902-1990." KMT 1, No. 4 (1990-91), pp. 10-21. Manuelian, Peter Der. "Penmeru Revisited-Giza Mastaba G 2197 (Giza Archives Gleanings V)." Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 45 (2009), pp. 3-48. Porter, Bertha, and Rosalind L.B. Moss. Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings 3: Memphis (Abû Rawâsh to Dahshûr). Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1931. 2nd edition. 3: Memphis, Part 1 (Abû Rawâsh to Abûsîr), revised and augmented by Jaromír Málek. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1974. Reisner, George A. A History of the Giza Necropolis 1. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1942. Reisner, George A. and Clarence S. Fisher. "Preliminary Report on the Work of the Harvard-Boston Expedition in 1911-13." Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Egypte 13 (1914), pp. 227-252. Simpson, William Kelly. Mastabas of the Western Cemetery, Part 1: Sekhemka (G 1029); Tjetu I (G 2001); Iasen (G 2196); Penmeru (G 2197); Hagy, Nefertjentet, and Herunefer (G 2352/53); Djaty, Tjetu II, and Nimesti (G 2337X, 2343, 2366). Giza Mastabas 4. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1980. Smith, William Stevenson. Ancient Egypt as Represented in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1960.
Dunham, Dows. The Egyptian Department and its Excavations. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1958. Fisher, Clarence S. "The Harvard University -- Museum of Fine Arts Egyptian Expedition: Work of 1912 at Gizeh and Mesheikh." Bulletin of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 11, No. 62 (April 1913), pp. 19-22. Harpur, Yvonne. "Two Old Kingdom Tombs at Giza." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 67 (1981), pp. 24-35. Lehmann, Katja. Der Serdab in den Privatgräbern des Alten Reiches 1. Text. Ph.D. Dissertation, Universität Heidelberg, 2000. Lehmann, Katja. Der Serdab in den Privatgräbern des Alten Reiches 2. Abbildungen. Ph.D. Dissertation, Universität Heidelberg, 2000. Lehmann, Katja. Der Serdab in den Privatgräbern des Alten Reiches 3. Katalog. Ph.D. Dissertation, Universität Heidelberg, 2000. Manuelian, Peter Der. "A Race against Time in the Shadow of the Pyramids. The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston and the Giza Necropolis, 1902-1990." KMT 1, No. 4 (1990-91), pp. 10-21. Manuelian, Peter Der. "Penmeru Revisited-Giza Mastaba G 2197 (Giza Archives Gleanings V)." Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 45 (2009), pp. 3-48. Porter, Bertha, and Rosalind L.B. Moss. Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings 3: Memphis (Abû Rawâsh to Dahshûr). Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1931. 2nd edition. 3: Memphis, Part 1 (Abû Rawâsh to Abûsîr), revised and augmented by Jaromír Málek. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1974. Reisner, George A. A History of the Giza Necropolis 1. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1942. Reisner, George A. and Clarence S. Fisher. "Preliminary Report on the Work of the Harvard-Boston Expedition in 1911-13." Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Egypte 13 (1914), pp. 227-252. Simpson, William Kelly. Mastabas of the Western Cemetery, Part 1: Sekhemka (G 1029); Tjetu I (G 2001); Iasen (G 2196); Penmeru (G 2197); Hagy, Nefertjentet, and Herunefer (G 2352/53); Djaty, Tjetu II, and Nimesti (G 2337X, 2343, 2366). Giza Mastabas 4. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1980. Smith, William Stevenson. Ancient Egypt as Represented in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1960.
